(1) abiotic matter and energy in space (vertical and horizontal) and decomposers; (2) purification of water biodiversity; resistance and stability of species diversity; (3) decomposition of organic matter by aerobic bacteria to produce CO2 (and inorganic salts) is beneficial to the growth of black algae; Hydrilla verticillata uses CO2 (and inorganic salts) for photosynthesis, and produces O2 to promote aerobic bacteria to decompose organic matters in sewage.