Speaking of Chongqing Zhazidong and Baigongguan, all r《红岩》 know that these are two places that even the terrifying are afraid of. It is no exaggeration to call them &”;magic caves&”; or &”;hell on earth&”;. For many Party members and progressives decades ago, this place was a nightmare they will never forget, because they witnessed or personally felt the countless unforgettable and heartbreaking past events that happened here. Zhazidong concentration camp Zhazidong and Baigongguan, in the eyes of young people today, are two scenic spots with beautiful scenery and pleasant scenery. However, in the 1930s and 1940s, these two places were once concentration camps of a Kuomintang-affiliated secret service organization called Juntong Bureau, where countless underground communists and progressive patriots were held. Let&;s briefly review the two creepy places, Zhazidong and Baigongguan. Zhazidong concentration camp is located at the foot of Gele Mountain in Chongqing. It was originally a small coal kiln on the outskirts of Chongqing, and it was named because of its poor coal quality and more dregs. Zhazidong is surrounded by mountains on three sides and a ditch on one side, which is particularly remote, but the air is fresh and the scenery is beautiful. In 1939, Kuomintang military secret agents forcibly occupied coal mines and set up a concentration camp here. (Zhazidong concentration camp) Why is it called a concentration camp instead of a prison? There is a saying here. Prisons and concentration camps also hold prisoners, but prisoners in prisons are held after the official judgment of the authorities and courts, and they are all held for a limited period of time; The so-called concentration camps are mainly used to detain &”;dissidents&”; who have different political views from the Kuomintang authorities, which is what the Kuomintang authorities said, and the detention period is uncertain. These &”;prisoners&”; who were arrested and detained were all arrested on trumped-up charges, and they were neither explicitly convicted of any crime nor detained for a period of time. Obviously, the so-called crimes of these &”;prisoners&”; cannot stand scrutiny. Therefore, concentration camps are also called secret prisons. Zhazidong concentration camp is divided into inner and outer houses, the outer house is a spy office, a torture room, etc. There are 16 rooms on the first floor and the first floor of the inner court for men&;s prisons, and two bungalows for women&;s prisons. (A corner of Zhazidong concentration camp) The &”;criminals&”; held here mainly include educators and journalists arrested in the June 1st Arrest in 1947, people arrested in the underground armed case of the &”;Little Revolutionary Committee&”;, people captured and arrested in three armed uprisings in upper and lower Sichuan, p《挺进报》 incident, and members of the Chuandong and Chuankang branches of the Revolutionary Committ《红岩》, th—— Jiang Zhujun, and the prototype of the novel charact—— Xu Jianye, were all held in the Zhazidong. At its peak, Zhazidong held more than 300 communists, progressive students and revolutionary masses. I also lived in &”;Little Radish Head&”; and their family. In 1943, after Bai Mansion was changed into the third guest house of Sino-American Cooperation Institute, the detainees were also moved to Zhazidong concentration camp for detention. In July 1946, Xifeng Prison and Wanglongmen Detention Center were withdrawn.Pin, two secret prison detainees, guards and spies have also moved to the Zhazidong concentration camp. Speaking of Xifeng concentration camp, we need to add something here. Xifeng concentration camp is the location of the largest and highest-ranking secret prison established by the Kuomintang Military Bureau during the Anti-Japanese War. It is the same as Chongqing Baigongguan concentration camp, Zhazidong concentration camp and Jiangxi Shangrao concentration camp as the four major concentration camps established by the Kuomintang during the Anti-Japanese War. Xifeng concentration camp was called &”;university&”; by the military authorities, while Baigongguan, Zhazidong and Shangrao concentration camps were called &”;middle schools&”;, and another Wanglongmen concentration camp was called &”;primary school&”; by the military authorities. The &”;prisoners&”; in Xifeng concentration camp were the communists and progressives who had been secretly arrested and detained in the Kuomintang &”;military prison&”; in Nanjing after July 7, and later moved to Xifeng concentration camp. In the eyes of the Kuomintang authorities, the prisoners in Xifeng concentration camp are the most dangerous to them. (Location of Zhazidong concentration camp) Xifeng concentration camp was established in November 1938 and cancelled in July 1946. More than 1,220 Party members and progressives were detained successively, of which more than 600 were secretly executed and tortured to death by military secret agents, more than 400 were unaccounted for later, and only 100 survivors were recorded. Luo Shiwen, Yang Hucheng, Yang Zhenggui, Song Qiyun, Radish Head, Huang Xiansheng, Ma Yinchu and others who we are familiar with have all been imprisoned here. In addition, Shangrao concentration camp in Jiangxi is a concentration camp mainly for the officers and men of the New Fourth Army captured after the &”;Southern Anhui&”; in 1941. After the Sino-American Cooperation Institute was revoked, the prisoners moved back in April 1947, and Zhazidong Prison was merged into Baigongguan Detention Center and temporarily abandoned. In December 1947, Zhazidong concentration camp began to hold prisoners again, which was called &”;Chongqing Xingyuan No.2 Detention Center&”;. At the end of November, 1949, after the New founding ceremony, amid the rumbling sound of guns in the southwest liberated by the People&;s Liberation Army, Xian Te, a panicked Kuomintang military and police officer, planned a large-scale project that shocked China and foreign countries on the eve of fleeing, and brutally killed more than 200 revolutionaries imprisoned here. Only 15 people escaped. The 15 surviving communists includ《红岩》. The Baigongguan concentration camp was originally a villa built in the suburbs by Sichuan warlord Bai Ju. Bai Ju claimed to be a descendant of Bai Juyi, so he borrowed Bai Juyi&;s nickname &”;Xiangshan Jushi&”; and named his villa &”;Xiangshan Villa&”;. Later, Dai Li bought it with a lot of money and transformed it into a prison for revolutionaries. It is called &”;two&”; together with the dregs hole. However, they are different. All the detainees in Bai Mansion are considered &”;serious cases&”; by the military. Obviously, the detention and alert level of Bai Mansion is higher than that of Zhazidong. However, due to the complex terrain, facing the mountains on three sides and the ditch on the other, there is no possibility for these &”;prisoners&”; to escape from prison, regardless of the guard level of the Military Bureau, whether it is the scum cave or the White Mansion. Bai Mansion has been regarded as a secret prison by Kuomintang secret service since 1938. In 1939, for reasons of confidentiality, Dai Li, the head of the military spy, designated Baigongguan as the detention center directly under the headquarters of the military spy bureau. May 1943In order to jointly deal with the Japanese intelligence war, the Sino-US Institute for Special Technical Cooperation was formally established, and the White Mansion was changed into a guest house for American personnel in China. In 1945, after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the &”;Sino-American Cooperation Institute&”; was revoked, and Bai Mansion was re-detained as a special detention center for communists and patriotic progressives. At the peak of Baigongguan concentration camp, more than 200 people were detained here. General Huang Xiansheng, a patriotic general, Zhou Junshi, president of Tongji University and National Wusong Merchant Marine College (now Shanghai Maritime University), Liao Chengzhi, party member Song Qiyun and Xu Linxia, patriots, and their youngest son (the aforementioned radish head) were later moved from Zhazidong and imprisoned in Baigongguan. The above-mentioned people are familiar to everyone, so we need to introduce two martyrs, General Huang Xiansheng and Little Radish Head. General Huang Xiansheng was a patriotic general of the Northeast Army. After the Japanese invaders invaded, General Huang Xiansheng took an active part in the war of resistance. After following Zhang Xueliang into Xi &;an, he did a lot of work to promote the change of Zhang Xueliang&;s thought and launched Xi &;an. General Huang Xiansheng is the lover of Northeast Army with ulterior motives. He believes that &”;only the party can save this country&”;. Therefore, no matter the orders given to him directly or Zhang Xueliang&;s instructions, as long as they are &”;communist suppression&”; actions, he will &”;disobey orders&”; and refuse to carry them out. Therefore, the troops he led have never had a friction with the troops led by the party. Not only that, he also actively contacted the party to discuss the plan of saving the country, so he was jealous. In the spring of 1938, Huang Xiansheng was invited to go to Yan &;an to take part in the leadership work of Kangda. On the eve of his decision to leave Wuhan, Kuomintang agents secretly arrested him. On the afternoon of November 27th, 1949, General Huang Xiansheng was shot by the executioner near Buyun Bridge about half a mile away from Baigongguan, and his body was later buried in Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery. In recent years, some scholars have researched who fired the first shot to save the country after September 18th. Among them, there are five Northeast Army lovers, all of whom may be the first person. They are: Wang Tiehan, Ma Zhanshan, Ji Xingwen, Huang Xiansheng and Guan Yuheng. (General Huang Xiansheng) Little Radish Head, formerly known as Song Zhenzhong, is the secretary of General Yang Hucheng and the youngest son of party member Song Qiyun. He and his family were held in Zhazidong and later moved to Baigongguan. As he grew up, his parents worked hard to get him a chance to study. In prison, Radish Head worked hard to learn cultural knowledge with General Huang Xiansheng, while constantly helping his fellow prisoners secretly pass information and notes. On the eve of liberation, radish head was killed with his family and other &”;prisoners&”; in the concentration camp. He was only 9 years old (or 8 years old) and was the youngest revolutionary martyr in China. The martyr Ch《挺进报》 cas《红岩》, editor-in-chi《挺进报》. P《我的自白书》 written by the Party member who was only 26 years old at the time of his death in front of the military spy&;s torture, you will think of it.He: There is a heavy iron chain at your feet, so you can hold the whip high. I don&;t need any confession, even if my chest is facing the bloody bayonet! People can&;t lower their noble heads, but only beg for &”;&”; for fear of death; What is torture? Death can&;t make me speak! I laughed at death, and the devil&;s palace shook in laughter; This is the conf——, singing a song of triumph to bury the Chiang family dynasty. (Martyr Ch《挺进报》) On the eve of liberation, besides more than 20 people such as Huang Xiansheng and Xu Xiaoxuan who were transferred from the ex-dividend peak secret prison held by Bai Mansion, there were 30 people such as Liu Guokun, Zhou Conghua, Zhou Junshi and Zhang Ze Hou who were sent to the second detention center in Hangyuan, Chongqing. In addition, after being captured in southern Anhui, General Ye Ting was first detained in Shangrao concentration camp in Jiangxi, followed by Enshi concentration camp in Hubei, Guilin in Guangxi and other plac—— Baigongguan, a concentration camp of Sino-US Institute for Special Technical Cooperation in Chongqing. In Bai Mansion, G《囚歌》: the door for people to enter and leave is locked, the hole for dogs to crawl away is open, and a voice shouted: Climb out, give me ! I long for , but I also know that how can a Taoist body climb out of a dog&;s hole? I can only expect that on that day, the underground fire will burn this job with me, and I deserve eternal life in fire and blood. (The cell where General Ye Ting was held) On November 27, 1949, the military secret agents also carried out a crackdown on the revolutionaries held in Baigongguan, and only 20 people escaped. Zhazidong and Baigongguan, two concentration camps of the Kuomintang authorities in those days, have now become bases for popularizing patriotism education and famous scenic spots. However, no matter what society becomes, I think we should not forget those revolutionary martyrs who risked their lives for the revolution. It is because of their selfless dedication of blood and life that we have a peaceful and peaceful life now. Their faith is our initial heart, and their faith is the goal we will always strive for and pursue unremittingly.