Basic ancestor flower, flamingo flower, red goose web [family and genus] Plant kingdom Angiosperm phylum monocotyledonous Araceae Araceae, AnthuriumSchott [edit this paragraph] Two morphological characteristics Anthurium Anthurium is a perennial herb flower. Sex likes warm, humid and well-drained environment, and is afraid of drought and strong light exposure. The suitable day temperature is 26 ~ 32℃ and the night temperature is 21 ~ 32℃. The maximum tolerable temperature is 35℃, and the tolerable low temperature is 14℃. The suitable light intensity is 16000～20000lx, and the relative humidity (RH) of air is 70% ~ 80%. Its plant height is generally 50 ~ 80 cm, which varies with varieties. With fleshy roots, stemless leaves, long stalks, solitary, heart-shaped, bright green, and concave veins. The flowers are axillary, the spatula is waxy, round to round, bright red, orange-red and white, and the spikes are cylindrical and erect. Flowers bloom in all seasons. [Edit this paragraph] The distribution of the three producing areas originated in the humid and semi-shady valleys of tropical rain forests in South America. Through introduction and improvement and greenhouse cultivation with light, temperature and water regulation systems, they are now widely cultivated in Europe, Asia and Africa. At present, the world scientific research of Anthurium andraeanum is in a relatively deep stage, in which the level in Europe is higher, followed by Asia and Africa. The Netherlands is in the leading position in the systematic research of Anthurium andraeanum. China began to introduce and cultivate in the 1970s. [Edit this paragraph] Four-value uses [Ornamental value] Its flowers are unique, Buddha&;s buds, bright and gorgeous in color, and rich in color. It is a rare flower in the world. The flowering period is long, and the cut flowers can be kept in water for up to one month, and the cut leaves can be used as the matching leaves for flower arrangement. Can be used as potted plants, and the single flowering period of potted plants can be as long as 4 ~ 6 months. [Economic Value] Anthurium andraeanum is an important tropical cut flower, and its spatula is huge, thick and waxy, and its colors are red, pink, white, green and bicolor. Its bright color, peculiar shape, wide application range and high economic value are high-grade tropical cut flowers and potted flowers with rapid development and great demand in the world. [Edit this paragraph] Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthurium Anthuri It is like an open red palm, with a small golden ear of meat erected on the palm, which is called &”;Buddha&;s bud&”; academically. Western flower arrangements, with low shallow vases, are surrounded by white or purple flowers, making the hall look extremely magnificent and luxurious. In addition, when a new store is opened or a wedding is celebrated, people also choose it as a flower basket to add a happy atmosphere. The Japanese people in Tanchanghuadao dubbed it &”;the Red Fan&”;. [Edit this paragraph] Five habits Leaves and stems have strange shapes: their leaves are dark green, heart-shaped, thick and tough, and the stamens are long and sharp, with bright red, white or green, surrounded by red, pink or green Buddha buds, all of which are toxic. This flower, also known as flamenco flower or pigtail grass, once eaten by mistake, will feel burning and painful in the mouth, then it will swell and blister, and its voice will become hoarse and tense, and it will be difficult to swallow.. Most of the symptoms will be alleviated or even disappeared over time. If you want to relieve the pain, you can choose cool liquid, painkillers or foods such as licorice and flax seeds. [Edit this paragraph] VI Cultivation management At present, the seedlings for potted Anthurium andraeanum production in China are mainly imported from the Netherlands. For example, Anzu Company, AVO Company (Netherlands Anthurium Forformat Co., Ltd.) and Ryan Company are all famous Dutch suppliers of Anthurium andraeanum seedlings. There are four common potted materials of Anthurium andraeanum: tissue culture seedlings, cut plants, plug seedlings and potted seedlings. A basic principle: the smaller the plant, the more difficult it is to cultivate. Tissue culture seedlings and cutting plants need special planting methods, which are difficult and generally not recommended. For growers, if the cultivation conditions are good and they have some experience, they can choose potted seedlings with a plant height of 10-15 cm, which can be planted directly in the last pot, which is safer. When you have enough experience, you can choose pot seedlings with a plant height of 6-10 cm, which are cheaper. 1. Temperature and illumination Anthurium andraeanum is sensitive to temperature, the suitable growth temperature is 14-35℃, the optimum temperature is 19-25℃, and the temperature difference between day and night is 3-6℃, that is, the best temperature is 21-25℃ during the day and about 19℃ at night. At this temperature, it is beneficial to the absorption and accumulation of nutrients in Anthurium andraeanum, which is extremely beneficial to the growth and flowering. If the temperature is below 13℃ for a long time, the plant will not die, but it will be difficult to resume growth for a long time. When the temperature is higher than 35℃ and the light is sufficient, the leaves are prone to burn, because the damaged leaves will not reverse, which will affect the overall quality of Anthurium andraeanum and make it difficult for the next maintenance. Under the condition of intensive production, automatic temperature control equipment is often used to raise the temperature, and boiler heating or warm air heating equipment, such as oil heater, double-layer plastic sheets, cold-proof cloth, mats and straw, is installed in winter. Water curtain-fan cooling system is often used to cool down, which is also a common scheme in northern China, or water mist cooling and humidifying equipment, or you can open the top window and side window of greenhouse and roll up plastic sheets on the side of plastic shed. Family maintenance, such as living in a bungalow, can be placed on the sunny side in winter, inside the curtain at night, or near the heat source, on the shady window sill of the room in summer, and pay attention to ventilation, or in the hall, or outside during the day, and placed in a cool place. Anthurium andraeanum is a shade-tolerant plant, so it should not be exposed to direct sunlight. However, Anthurium andraeanum should not be considered as a shade-tolerant flower, but it does not need light. It is observed that when the light intensity increases by 1%, the flower yield will also increase by 1%, but this is within the suitable light intensity range of Anthurium andraeanum. The suitable light intensity range is 10000-20000 lux, which mainly depends on the different growth conditions of different varieties and different growth periods. In any case, it is necessary to ensure that the light intensity does not exceed 25000-30000 lux for a long time. Under the condition of intensive production, double-layer shading net is often used for shading, with a 40% fixed shading net outside the greenhouse and a 60% movable shading net inside the greenhouse, which can be adjusted freely according to the light intensity every day. The fixed shading net is relative, and it can also be used as a movable shading net. Family care, in summer, can be placed in the dark side of the room or in the hall where there is scattered light, or outdoors.Places out of direct sunlight, such as under trees, flowers or shade. It should be placed on the sunny side of the room in winter. 2. The combination of slow-release fertilizer and water-soluble fertilizer is recommended for the cultivation of Anthurium andraeanum. It is suggested that Molikang 16-8-27 slow-release fertilizer should be mixed in the preparation of the substrate, and the dosage is 2 kg (seedlings) and 3.5-4 kg (semi-finished seedlings) per cubic meter of substrate. Molikang 13-14-27 can be applied in the pot during flowering, and 3-4 g can be put in each pot of 20 cm. See the attached table for the formula of water-soluble fertilizer (click to open). Baolifeng 17-10-27 can also be used as a water-soluble fertilizer. The ratio of N, P and K in this formula is very similar to that in the Dutch Anthurium formula, but calcium nitrate should be used as a calcium fertilizer. You can use 17-10-27 Baolifeng 1300 times and calcium nitrate 3000 times alternately. Baolifeng 17-10-27(14-7-21) and Baolifeng 15-15-30 can be used alternately in the flowering period of Anthurium andraeanum. [Edit this paragraph] Seven pests and diseases prevention and control 1. Potted Anthurium sometimes appears premature senescence, deformity, adhesion, cracks, vitrification and blue spots, which are mostly physiological diseases caused by fertilization, improper management of soil and air humidity or variety reasons. The prevention methods are improving cultivation management, rational fertilization and proper ventilation. 2. The main pests and diseases of potted Anthurium andraeanum are bacterial wilt, leaf spot, root rot, Cladosporium, Cladosporium, nematodes, red spiders, aphids, Lepidoptera pests, whitefly, scale insects and snails. 3. Anthracnose is one of the common diseases of Anthurium andraeanum. The pathogen is a fungus of the genus Plasmodium or Spinocephalum. The former symptom is that round brown spots are formed along the veins, and then the spots are connected to form a serious disease spot with a brown edge, and the affected part finally dries up. The latter is similar to the former, with black bad hair on acervulus, which will cause flower rot and form black necrotic spots on the ear. High humidity is the main cause of the disease. The prevention and control methods are chemical control and strengthening cultivation management. It is necessary to ventilate and transmit light frequently to avoid splashing water or air conditioning condensate on leaves, and remove diseased leaves in time. Harmful symptoms of red spider: mainly make leaves and flowers fade, affecting the commercialization of leaves and flowers. At the early stage of the damage, it can be controlled by spraying chemicals, such as dicofol, bentazone, omethoate and fluthrin. Bacterial wilt is a bacterial disease caused by Xanthomonas, which can infect leaves and spikes. At the early stage of the disease, the leaves formed water-stained, translucent and irregular spots, and then turned black, with a bright yellow edge outside, and the surrounding areas of the disease became green. The pathogen can cause systemic infection, which is characterized by yellowing of old leaves, broken petioles and yellowing of vascular bundles. The control method is to strengthen the cultivation management, supplemented by chemical control, remove the diseased plants and residues in time, and burn them. In the process of cultivation and management, man-made wounds and the use of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer should be minimized. Generally, agricultural streptomycin or neophytomycin is sprayed at the early stage of the disease. One of the symptoms of bacterial leaf spot is that water-stained spots can be seen on the back of leaves and flowers in the early stage, and brown spots appear on the edge of leaves in the later stage.Accompanied by a yellow halo. The other is that bacterial infection begins on the stem, and the infected cells quickly spread to the whole plant through the microtubules. At the early stage, it can be found that the new leaves are dull in color, because the micro-tube bundle is blocked by bacteria, which hinders the flow of water and the transportation of nutrients in the body, makes the leaves dull and yellow. In a short time, this type of infection will lead to the pedicel and leaves falling off from the plant, and the growing point will rot rapidly and there will be bacteria flowing out. There is no specific medicine for bacterial diseases, and prevention is the main thing: 1) Environmental prevention: strengthening the control of greenhouse temperature (the ideal breeding condition of bacteria is about 30 degrees), sanitary environment and the flow of personnel and working tools in production areas. 2) Fertilizer prevention: Try not to use high NH4 nitrogen fertilizer in plant growth. Go to or isolate the diseased plant. Leaf blight is caused by nematodes of the genus Nematoda, which mainly infects roots and leaves. The symptoms are necrotic spots or brown spots along the veins, swollen roots, and finally the whole leaf is dry. The prevention and control methods are mainly to strengthen seedling quarantine, select strong seedlings and disinfect the cultivation substrate. Eight home use: absorb benzene and trichloroethylene harmful to human body in the air. When Araceae flowers bloom, the flowers will be slightly toxic, so it is best to move them outdoors. Anthurium andraeanum, Anthurium andraeanum, Ruby and Emerald belong to Araceae. The representative of Euphorbiaceae is poinsettia, also known as poinsettia. This flower is also toxic. Otherwise, you will be fine if you eat it by mistake. Wash your hands every time you trim branches and leaves. Its poison mainly comes from juice, so you will be fine if you pay attention. [Edit this paragraph] Morphological characteristics of perennial evergreen herb foliage plants. Plant height is 40 ~ 60 cm, with short rhizomes, mostly clustered. Leaves oblong or sub-lanceolate, tapering at both ends and cuneate at the base. The flower is a Buddha&;s bud, slightly fragrant and leaflike, that is, its flower has no petals, but is composed of a white bract and a yellow-white meat spike, which looks like the palm of your hand, so it is named Baizhang; Its flowers are large and conspicuous, and the pedicels are long and higher than the leaves, white or green. The flowering period is from May to August. Since the advent of the white crane taro, its varieties have been increasing, and there are nearly 30 species in the world at present. In recent years, five species have been introduced and cultivated in China, namely, Hulk, White Palm of Perfume, White Palm of Magic Lamp, White Palm of Big Leaf and White Palm of Mona Loa. Each of them has its own characteristics, among which the Hulk attracts more attention because of its huge plant type. [Edit this paragraph] Geographical distribution The white crane taro originated in Colombia and was born in the tropical rain forest. It is one of the most popular indoor foliage plants in Europe and is now cultivated everywhere. It likes warm, humid and semi-cloudy environment, and avoids strong direct sunlight. It is not cold-tolerant, and the suitable growth temperature is 20 ~ 28℃, and the overwintering temperature is above 10℃. [Edit this paragraph] Cultivation techniques and propagation methods White crane taro can be propagated by dividing plants and sowing. Plants with strong growth can be divided into plants once every two years, usually in spring when changing pots or after autumn. Before the new buds are born, a limited number of plants are poured out of the pot, the old culture soil is removed, the roots are divided into several clusters at the base of the plant cluster (each cluster contains more than 3 buds), and the new culture soil is used for re-planting in the pot. After flowering, the white crane taro can get seeds by artificial pollination, which can be planted with the harvest., used for breeding. However, due to the rapid speed of clumping of white crane taro plants, the method of dividing plants is often used for reproduction. Tissue culture is often used for mass production, with rapid proliferation and neat clusters. Because white crane taro is easy to sprout tillers, this method is often used for propagation. Plants with strong growth can be divided into plants once every two years or so. The whole plant is poured out of the pot before the new buds are born in early spring, and the soil is removed, and the roots are cut at the base of the plant cluster. It is best to have more than three stems and buds in each small cluster, and more root groups should be brought as much as possible, so as to facilitate the new plants to sprout new leaves and plump plants. It is not difficult to sow and reproduce by this method. Seeds can be obtained by artificial pollination in greenhouse. After the seeds are ripe, they should be sown with the harvest, and the sowing temperature should be around 25℃. At low temperature, the seeds are perishable. Tissue culture propagation in the late 1970s and early 1980s, white crane taro began to undergo tissue culture propagation in the United States and Germany. Young inflorescences and lateral buds were used as explants. After disinfection, they were inoculated on MS medium supplemented with 10 mg/L 6-benzylamino adenine and 2 mg/L indoleacetic acid. After 40 ~ 45 days, callus and adventitious buds grew. Then the adventitious buds were transferred to MS medium with 2 mg/L of indoleacetic acid, and induced to take root for 30 ~ 40 days to become a complete plant. Cultivation and management of white crane taro pot requires loose soil, good drainage and ventilation, and cannot use sticky soil. Generally, humus soil and peat soil can be mixed with a small amount of perlite to make matrix. When planting, add a small amount of organic fertilizer as base fertilizer. Because of its fast growth rate and large fertilizer demand, liquid fertilizer should be applied every 11-2 weeks in the growing season; At the same time, supply enough water, keep the basin soil moist frequently, and spray water on the leaves and the ground during the high temperature period to improve the air humidity. If the surrounding environment is too dry, the new leaves become smaller and yellow, and when it is serious, they will turn yellow and fall off. In late autumn and winter, we should reduce the amount of watering and keep the soil slightly moist. It requires semi-shade or scattered light conditions, and it must be shaded 60%-70% during the growing season. If the light is too strong, the leaves are easy to burn and scorch, and the leaves are dim and lose luster; Long-term light is too dark, the plant growth is not robust, and it is not easy to bloom. White crane taro is a species that likes high temperature. Long-term low temperature and humidity are easy to cause root rot and overground parts to turn yellow. Therefore, attention should be paid to cold protection and heat preservation in winter, and the basin soil should be kept moist at the same time. Pests and diseases control common bacterial leaf spot, brown spot and anthracnose, which can be sprayed with 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder. In addition, root rot and stem rot occurred. Besides paying attention to ventilation and reducing humidity, 800 times solution of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder was used for prevention and control. Sometimes scale insects and red spiders do harm, and they are sprayed with 50% marathon emulsifiable concentrate 1500 times. Control of scale insects: The methods are wiping with a rag, spraying 500 times solution of essential balm or washing powder, spraying methidathion, chlorpheniramine, Guoguang Teke, etc., and the results are all good. Generally, it is easy to suffer from this pest because of poor ventilation. Generally, the juice of scale insects, flowers and plants does not move, and it is the most environmentally friendly method to wipe it off, but it must be wiped clean. [Edit this paragraph] means that the leaves of the white crane taro are similar to those of the bamboo taro, and the flowers look like cranes.Slim and graceful, white and flawless, it gives people the aesthetic feeling of &”;pure and calm, peaceful and peaceful&”; and is regarded as &”;innocent flower&”; Because people think that the white crane taro has an auspicious meaning, it is named &”;Yi Fan Feng Shun&”; according to the image of its flowers. Because the white crane taro is beautiful in flowers and leaves, light and colorful, vigorous in growth, and resistant to shade, it is deeply favored by people and is often used for indoor greening and beautification. [Edit this paragraph] Ornamental value is an excellent foliage plant, which can be planted in the south and potted in other areas. White palm is an &”;expert&”; in suppressing the waste gas exhaled by human body, such as ammonia and acetone. At the same time, it can filter benzene, trichloroethylene and formaldehyde in the air. Its high evaporation rate can prevent nasal mucosa from drying and greatly reduce the possibility of illness. This beautiful indoor plant, native to the tropical rain forest of Venezuela, is undoubtedly a miracle in medicine and biology. Can be removed: ammonia, acetone, benzene, trichloroethylene, formaldehyde [edit this paragraph] Cultivation history In 1874, white crane taro was introduced to Europe from tropical areas of South America. Mainly cultivated in some famous botanical gardens in Europe. At the beginning of the 20th century, it was used in potted plants for viewing, and it was very popular in Europe in 1980s. White crane taro was regarded as an &”;innocent flower&”;, which meant purity, calmness, peace and tranquility. The development of white crane taro in Europe, the Netherlands. Belgium develops rapidly, such as Menfanwen Company in the Netherlands, Bram Seedling Company in Heng Ke and Demeyer-Drucker Company in Belgium, which are all famous for their rich white crane taro. In recent years, Milestone Agricultural Company, Hermite International Company, oglesby Plant Laboratory, Agrexco Agricultural Export Company, Benze Nursery Company, Yagur Nursery Company, Wolfgang Company in Germany and Dane Felt Company in the United States have all supplied the market with white crane taro by industrialization. At present, the annual sales of potted white crane taro in the Netherlands has reached $19.9 million, ranking ninth in Dutch potted flower production. It shows that the potted flower production of white crane taro has been paid attention to by all countries, and the competition is fierce, and its future is still promising. The cultivation time of white crane taro is short, and it has been introduced and put into small-scale production since the late 1980s. At present, the development is extremely fast, and the southern provinces and big cities in China have successively propagated a large number of seedlings through tissue culture. The supply of potted white crane taro in the market is sufficient, the price has dropped greatly, and it has begun to enter thousands of households.