Operation steps of theodolite (optical alignment method) 1. Erecting instrument: place theodolite on the frame head, make the frame head roughly horizontal, and tighten the connecting screw. 2. Alignment: The purpose is to make the instrument center and the measuring station located on the same vertical line. You can move the tripod and rotate the foot screw to make the alignment mark accurately aim at the center of the measuring station. 3. Leveling: The purpose is to make the vertical axis of the instrument vertical and the horizontal dial horizontal. According to the definition of horizontal angle, it is the projection of the included angle between two directional lines on the horizontal plane, so the horizontal dial must be horizontal. Rough and flat: Stretch the legs of the tripod to center the bubble of circular leveling. Check and accurately center: check whether the centering mark deviates from the ground point. If it deviates, loosen the connecting screw on the tripod, translate the instrument base so that the centering mark is accurately aligned with the center of the measuring station, and tighten the connecting screw. Fine leveling: rotate the foot screw to center the bubble in the pipe level. 4. aiming and reading: ① eyepiece aiming: the eyepiece focuses to make the crosshairs clear. (2) aiming and objective aiming: aim at the target roughly, and focus the objective lens to make the target clear. Pay attention to eliminating parallax. Focus on the target. ③ Reading: Adjust the lighting reflector to make the brightness of the reading window moderate, rotate the eyepiece of the reading microscope to make the score line clear, and then read. At present, many people use total station. The use of total station (taking Topcon total station as an example) introduc: (1) preparation before measurement 1) battery installation (note: the battery needs to be fully charged before measurement) ① Insert the guide block at the bottom of the battery box into the guide hole where the battery is installed. ② Press the top of the battery box until you hear a &”;click&”; sound. ③ Press the unlock button down and take out the battery. 2) Placement of instruments. ① Select one point on the experimental site as the observation station, and the other two points as the observation points. ② Place the total station at point, center and level. ③ Put prisms at two points respectively. 3) Setting of vertical dial and horizontal dial indicators. ① Vertical dial indicator setting. Loosen the brake button of the vertical dial, and turn the telescope vertically for one turn (the telescope is at the left of the dial, when the objective lens passes through the horizontal plane), and the vertical dial indicator is set. Then I heard a ringing sound and showed vertical angle. ② Horizontal dial indicator setting. Loosen the horizontal brake screw and rotate the sighting part 360, and the horizontal dial index will be set automatically. Then it rings, and the horizontal angle is displayed at the same time. At this point, the indicators of vertical dial and horizontal dial have been set. Note: Whenever the instrument is turned on, the indicators of and must be reset. 4) Focus and aim at the target. The operation steps are the same as those of a general theodolite, so pay attention to eliminating parallax. (2) Angle measurement 1) First, determine whether it is in the angle measurement mode from the display screen, and if not, switch to the distance mode according to the operation. 2) aim the dial left at the left target A, press the zero key to make the reading of the horizontal dial display as 0 00 ′ 00 ″, rotate the aiming department clockwise, aim at the right target B, and read the displayed reading. 3) The same method can be used for disk right observation. 4) If vertical angle is measured, the display reading of the vertical dial can be read at the same time as reading the horizontal dial. (3) Distance measurement 1) First, determine whether it is in the distance measurement mode from the display screen, if not, press the operation.Key to coordinate mode. 2) aim at the center of the prism. At this time, the animation of the arrow can be displayed on the display screen, and the coordinate measurement is completed at the end of the advance, and the distance is obtained. HD is the horizontal distance and VD is the inclined distance. (4) Coordinate measurement 1) First, determine whether it is in the coordinate measurement mode from the display screen, if not, press the operation key to switch to the coordinate mode. 2) Enter the coordinates of the O point and the rear viewpoint of this site, as well as the instrument height and prism height. 3) aim at the center of the prism. At this time, the animation of the forward arrow can be displayed on the display screen, and the coordinate measurement is completed at the end of the forward movement to obtain the coordinates of the point. IV. Precautions 1) When transporting instruments, the original packing boxes should be used for transportation and moving. 2) When moving the instrument and the tripod together at close range, keep the instrument upright. 3) Turn it off before unplugging the plug. During the measurement, if the plug is unplugged, data may be lost. 4) Turn off the battery before changing it. 5) The instrument can only be stored in a dry room. When charging, the ambient temperature should be between 10~30℃. 6) Total station is a precise and expensive measuring instrument, which should be protected from sunlight, rain and collision. It is forbidden to aim the instrument directly at the sun. .
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